This page shows the sources and review decisions behind the measurements used by ExactFit. Evidence for the exact model is identified separately from verified equivalent-model or same-chassis evidence. Missing values remain Unknown.
Last reviewed: 2026-09-05. 7 retained source records. 0 unresolved conflicts. Not every fit-critical input is supported.
Counts use distinct measurement records. Left and right ventilation share one per-side source record.
Some measurements on this page are not supported by an exact-model document. Each affected row identifies the model relationship and supporting evidence.
ExactFit does not have sufficient evidence for every fit-critical measurement. The fit checker will return Uncertain unless a known measurement already proves that the model does not fit.
Measurements and supporting evidence
Measurement
Value used
Evidence status
Primary source
Location
Details
Overall width
35.91 in
✓ Verified — exact model
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: No separate conversion rule recorded; the stored normalized value is retained without additional rounding.
Confidence label: high.
Primary evidence
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung · Web source Model scope: Exact model Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Reviewed exact-model cached label: Width = 35.91 in. Context: 3?$ORIGIN_JPG$)   Width 35.91 Inches +0.125 inches for open door  Heigh
Reviewed exact-model cached label: Width = 35.91 in. Context: 3?$ORIGIN_JPG$)  Width 35.91 Inches +0.125 inches for open door  Heigh
Other evidence found
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This measurement supports the width comparison. An applicable cutout can replace additive clearances. If a required input is unknown and no applicable alternative requirement is established, the result is Uncertain unless another known requirement proves Does not fit.
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung
Retained specification excerpt: Net Height without Hinge: 68.86
Value used by ExactFit
68.86 in · Fit role: Cavity fit.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: No separate conversion rule recorded; the stored normalized value is retained without additional rounding.
Confidence label: high.
Primary evidence
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung · Web source Model scope: Exact model Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Net Height without Hinge: 68.86 Reviewed: 2026-09-04
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This measurement supports the height comparison. An applicable cutout can replace additive clearances. If a required input is unknown and no applicable alternative requirement is established, the result is Uncertain unless another known requirement proves Does not fit.
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung
Retained specification excerpt: Reviewed exact-model cached label: Height = 70.2 in. Context: for open door  Height 70.2 Inches +0.375 inches for ventilation  Dept
Reviewed exact-model cached label: Height = 70.2 in. Context: for open door  Height 70.2 Inches +0.375 inches for ventilation  Dept
Other evidence found
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This measurement supports the height comparison. An applicable cutout can replace additive clearances. If a required input is unknown and no applicable alternative requirement is established, the result is Uncertain unless another known requirement proves Does not fit.
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung
Retained specification excerpt: Depth without Door (in): 25.02
Value used by ExactFit
25.02 in · Fit role: Cavity fit.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: No separate conversion rule recorded; the stored normalized value is retained without additional rounding.
Confidence label: high.
Primary evidence
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung · Web source Model scope: Exact model Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Depth without Door (in): 25.02 Reviewed: 2026-09-04
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This measurement supports the depth comparison. An applicable cutout can replace additive clearances. If a required input is unknown and no applicable alternative requirement is established, the result is Uncertain unless another known requirement proves Does not fit.
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung
Retained specification excerpt: Net Depth w/o Door Handle: 27.48
Value used by ExactFit
27.48 in · Fit role: Traffic projection.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: No separate conversion rule recorded; the stored normalized value is retained without additional rounding.
Confidence label: high.
Primary evidence
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung · Web source Model scope: Exact model Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Net Depth w/o Door Handle: 27.48 Reviewed: 2026-09-04
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung
Retained specification excerpt: Depth with Door Handle: 29.5 in | thout Hinges and Door 35.87 x 68.86 inch x 25.02 inch Width (decim
Value used by ExactFit
29.5 in · Fit role: Traffic projection.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: No separate conversion rule recorded; the stored normalized value is retained without additional rounding.
Confidence label: high.
Primary evidence
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung · Web source Model scope: Exact model Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Depth with Door Handle: 29.5 in | thout Hinges and Door 35.87 x 68.86 inch x 25.02 inch Width (decim Reviewed: 2026-09-04
Depth with Door Handle: 29.5 in | thout Hinges and Door 35.87 x 68.86 inch x 25.02 inch Width (decimal) 35.91 Net Depth with Door Handle 29.5 inch Product Dimensions without Door without Handles 35.87 x 70.25 x 25.02 inch Pr
Depth with Door Handle: 29.5 in | thout Hinges and Door 35.87 x 68.86 inch x 25.02 inch Width (decimal) 35.91 Net Depth with Door Handle 29.5 inch Product Dimensions without Door without Handles 35.87 x 70.25 x 25.02 inch Pr
Other evidence found
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This is traffic projection. It is shown for a separate on-site check and does not establish cavity fit or delivery access.
28.5 cu. ft. French Door Fridge with Zero Clearance: RF70H25HERAA| Samsung Canada Samsung
Retained specification excerpt: RF70H25 family propagation from exact official RF70H25HERAA 43 7/8 in measurement.
Value used by ExactFit
Unknown · Fit role: Operating clearance. Calculated or inferred value — not a directly printed measurement.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: same RF70H25 zero-clearance chassis as RF70H25HERAA
Confidence label: medium.
Primary evidence
28.5 cu. ft. French Door Fridge with Zero Clearance: RF70H25HERAA| Samsung Canada Samsung · Web source Model scope: Not established Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: RF70H25 family propagation from exact official RF70H25HERAA 43 7/8 in measurement. Reviewed: 2026-09-04
RF70H25 family propagation from exact official RF70H25HERAA 43 7/8 in measurement.
Retained specification excerpt: Derived minimum opening width 36.66 in from product width 35.91 in and explicit 0.375 in clearance o
Value used by ExactFit
Unknown · Fit role: Cavity fit. Calculated or inferred value — not a directly printed measurement.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: max(case width, width doors closed) + 2 * explicit side clearance = 35.91 + 2 * 0.375
Confidence label: medium.
Primary evidence
Samsung measurement source — https://www.samsung.com/us/refrigerators/french-door/bespoke-ai-24-cu-ft-counter-depth-3-door-french-door-refrigerator-with-zero-clearance-fit-and-sphere-ice-in-stainless-steel-sku-rf70h25geraa + local-cache manufacturer-family consensus Samsung · Web source Model scope: Not established Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Derived minimum opening width 36.66 in from product width 35.91 in and explicit 0.375 in clearance o Reviewed: 2026-09-04
Derived minimum opening width 36.66 in from product width 35.91 in and explicit 0.375 in clearance on each side.
The stored transfer does not identify both a supporting model and measurement-specific equivalence reasoning.
Retained research value: 36.66 in. It is preserved for audit but not accepted as a safe fit input.
Other evidence found
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This measurement supports the width comparison. An applicable cutout can replace additive clearances. If a required input is unknown and no applicable alternative requirement is established, the result is Uncertain unless another known requirement proves Does not fit.
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung · Web source Model scope: Not established Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Samsung installation envelope: 70.2 in appliance endpoint + 2 in clearance = 72.2 in. Reviewed: 2026-09-05
Samsung installation envelope: 70.2 in appliance endpoint + 2 in clearance = 72.2 in.
A required calculation input lacks defensible evidence.
Retained research value: 72.2 in. It is preserved for audit but not accepted as a safe fit input.
Other evidence found
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This measurement supports the height comparison. An applicable cutout can replace additive clearances. If a required input is unknown and no applicable alternative requirement is established, the result is Uncertain unless another known requirement proves Does not fit.
[PDF] RF70H30GE s1.img-b.com · Web source Model scope: Secondary source Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Samsung installation envelope: 25.02 in appliance endpoint + 2 in clearance = 27.02 in. Reviewed: 2026-09-05
Samsung installation envelope: 25.02 in appliance endpoint + 2 in clearance = 27.02 in.
Samsung installation envelope: 25.02 in appliance endpoint + 2 in clearance = 27.02 in. Calculation or inference: depth_case_only_in + rear_clearance_in.
Other evidence found
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This measurement supports the depth comparison. An applicable cutout can replace additive clearances. If a required input is unknown and no applicable alternative requirement is established, the result is Uncertain unless another known requirement proves Does not fit.
Samsung measurement source — local-cache manufacturer-family consensus Publisher not recorded
Retained specification excerpt: Inferred 0.375 in per-side installation clearance from dominant manufacturer-family specification pa
Value used by ExactFit
Unknown · Fit role: Cavity fit.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: No separate conversion rule recorded; the stored normalized value is retained without additional rounding.
Confidence label: high.
Primary evidence
Samsung measurement source — local-cache manufacturer-family consensus Publisher not recorded · Retained document Model scope: Not established Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Inferred 0.375 in per-side installation clearance from dominant manufacturer-family specification pa Reviewed: 2026-09-05
Inferred 0.375 in per-side installation clearance from dominant manufacturer-family specification pattern.
The original source link has not yet been recovered from the retained records. This is a link-recovery gap, not a missing measurement. The final registry-verified value and audit text remain available above.
Why this value was used
The retained record does not establish source scope or a resolvable supporting source.
Retained research value: 0.375 in. It is preserved for audit but not accepted as a safe fit input.
Other evidence found
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This measurement supports the width comparison. An applicable cutout can replace additive clearances. If a required input is unknown and no applicable alternative requirement is established, the result is Uncertain unless another known requirement proves Does not fit.
Samsung measurement source — local-cache manufacturer-family consensus Publisher not recorded
Retained specification excerpt: Inferred 0.375 in per-side installation clearance from dominant manufacturer-family specification pa
Value used by ExactFit
Unknown · Fit role: Cavity fit.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: No separate conversion rule recorded; the stored normalized value is retained without additional rounding.
Confidence label: high.
Primary evidence
Samsung measurement source — local-cache manufacturer-family consensus Publisher not recorded · Retained document Model scope: Not established Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Inferred 0.375 in per-side installation clearance from dominant manufacturer-family specification pa Reviewed: 2026-09-05
Inferred 0.375 in per-side installation clearance from dominant manufacturer-family specification pattern.
The original source link has not yet been recovered from the retained records. This is a link-recovery gap, not a missing measurement. The final registry-verified value and audit text remain available above.
Why this value was used
The retained record does not establish source scope or a resolvable supporting source.
Retained research value: 0.375 in. It is preserved for audit but not accepted as a safe fit input.
Other evidence found
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This measurement supports the width comparison. An applicable cutout can replace additive clearances. If a required input is unknown and no applicable alternative requirement is established, the result is Uncertain unless another known requirement proves Does not fit.
Unknown · Fit role: Cavity fit. Calculated or inferred value — not a directly printed measurement.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: RF70H25/RF70H30 shared installation platform
Confidence label: medium.
Primary evidence
Samsung measurement source — f4abeca549ddb9eefc5329f03d61378581ff75190618fc639736951cf8399f92.json Publisher not recorded · Retained document Model scope: Not established Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Exact RF70H product specification lists ventilation clearance +2 in height. Reviewed: 2026-09-05
Exact RF70H product specification lists ventilation clearance +2 in height.
The original source link has not yet been recovered from the retained records. This is a link-recovery gap, not a missing measurement. The final registry-verified value and audit text remain available above.
Why this value was used
The stored transfer does not identify both a supporting model and measurement-specific equivalence reasoning.
Retained research value: 2 in. It is preserved for audit but not accepted as a safe fit input.
Other evidence found
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This measurement supports the height comparison. An applicable cutout can replace additive clearances. If a required input is unknown and no applicable alternative requirement is established, the result is Uncertain unless another known requirement proves Does not fit.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: No separate conversion rule recorded; the stored normalized value is retained without additional rounding.
Confidence label: high.
Primary evidence
[PDF] RF70H30GE s1.img-b.com · Web source Model scope: Secondary source Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Cached exact-model result: Allow 2" minimum clearance at rear [cache: C:\Source Code\windsurf\Python Reviewed: 2026-09-05
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This measurement supports the depth comparison. An applicable cutout can replace additive clearances. If a required input is unknown and no applicable alternative requirement is established, the result is Uncertain unless another known requirement proves Does not fit.
Samsung measurement source — 0d0b6a0be878a29832aed5b29c61224cca453f8404467536f3652e209b2d8122.json Publisher not recorded
Retained specification excerpt: RF70H25/RF70H30 Zero Clearance Fit family: up to 0.16 in (4 mm) between both refrigerator sides and
Value used by ExactFit
Unknown · Fit role: Operating clearance. Calculated or inferred value — not a directly printed measurement.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: documented RF70H25/RF70H30 Zero Clearance Fit family statement
Confidence label: high.
Primary evidence
Samsung measurement source — 0d0b6a0be878a29832aed5b29c61224cca453f8404467536f3652e209b2d8122.json Publisher not recorded · Retained document Model scope: Not established Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: RF70H25/RF70H30 Zero Clearance Fit family: up to 0.16 in (4 mm) between both refrigerator sides and Reviewed: 2026-09-05
RF70H25/RF70H30 Zero Clearance Fit family: up to 0.16 in (4 mm) between both refrigerator sides and walls for doors to open 108 degrees.
The original source link has not yet been recovered from the retained records. This is a link-recovery gap, not a missing measurement. The final registry-verified value and audit text remain available above.
Why this value was used
The stored transfer does not identify both a supporting model and measurement-specific equivalence reasoning.
Retained research value: 0.16 in. It is preserved for audit but not accepted as a safe fit input.
Other evidence found
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This is operating clearance. It is shown for a separate on-site check and does not establish cavity fit or delivery access.
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung
Retained specification excerpt: Low-confidence same-appliance width mapping: case_width_in=35.91 in from width_doors_closed_in.
Value used by ExactFit
Unknown · Fit role: Informational only. Calculated or inferred value — not a directly printed measurement.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: case_width_in mapped from populated width_doors_closed_in; doors do not materially change closed product width
Confidence label: low.
Primary evidence
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US Samsung · Web source Model scope: Not established Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Low-confidence same-appliance width mapping: case_width_in=35.91 in from width_doors_closed_in. Reviewed: 2026-09-04
Low-confidence same-appliance width mapping: case_width_in=35.91 in from width_doors_closed_in.
Samsung measurement source — local-cache manufacturer-family consensus Publisher not recorded
Retained specification excerpt: Inferred 0.375 in per-side installation clearance from dominant manufacturer-family specification pa
Value used by ExactFit
Unknown · Fit role: Operating clearance. Calculated or inferred value — not a directly printed measurement.
Original published value and unit: see retained transcription below. Normalization: Popular-brand chassis/type consensus: Strong modal installation clearance for this manufacturer family
Confidence label: low.
Primary evidence
Samsung measurement source — local-cache manufacturer-family consensus Publisher not recorded · Retained document Model scope: Not established Publication/revision date: Not recorded Location: Retained specification excerpt: Inferred 0.375 in per-side installation clearance from dominant manufacturer-family specification pa Reviewed: 2026-09-04
Inferred 0.375 in per-side installation clearance from dominant manufacturer-family specification pattern.
The original source link has not yet been recovered from the retained records. This is a link-recovery gap, not a missing measurement. The final registry-verified value and audit text remain available above.
Why this value was used
A low-confidence, consensus, or unspecified-minimum assumption does not establish a safe fit requirement.
Retained research value: 0.375 in. It is preserved for audit but not accepted as a safe fit input.
Other evidence found
No materially different value is retained in the linked per-measurement audit records. This does not imply that every published source was searched.
Effect on fit result
This is operating clearance. It is shown for a separate on-site check and does not establish cavity fit or delivery access.
Not found for safe fit use. Sources retained: https://www.samsung.com/ca/refrigerators/french-door/rf80h-36-3dr-french-door-zero-clearance-fit-with-space-max-24-cu-ft-silver-rf70h25heraa. Related-model record: RF70H25GERAA.
The stored transfer does not identify both a supporting model and measurement-specific equivalence reasoning.
Verify this operating or informational measurement separately. Confirm the current exact-model installation document before purchase.
Minimum cutout width
Not found for safe fit use. Sources retained: https://www.samsung.com/us/refrigerators/french-door/bespoke-ai-24-cu-ft-counter-depth-3-door-french-door-refrigerator-with-zero-clearance-fit-and-sphere-ice-in-stainless-steel-sku-rf70h25geraa + local-cache manufacturer-family consensus. Related-model record: RF70H25GERAA.
The stored transfer does not identify both a supporting model and measurement-specific equivalence reasoning.
An unknown required input can make the fit result Uncertain. Confirm the current exact-model installation document before purchase.
Minimum cutout height
Not found for safe fit use. Sources retained: f4abeca549ddb9eefc5329f03d61378581ff75190618fc639736951cf8399f92.json. Related-model record: RF70H25GERAA.
A required calculation input lacks defensible evidence.
An unknown required input can make the fit result Uncertain. Confirm the current exact-model installation document before purchase.
Left-side ventilation clearance
Not found for safe fit use. Sources retained: local-cache manufacturer-family consensus. No rejected related-model candidate is identified in the retained record.
The retained record does not establish source scope or a resolvable supporting source.
An unknown required input can make the fit result Uncertain. Confirm the current exact-model installation document before purchase.
Right-side ventilation clearance
Not found for safe fit use. Sources retained: local-cache manufacturer-family consensus. No rejected related-model candidate is identified in the retained record.
The retained record does not establish source scope or a resolvable supporting source.
An unknown required input can make the fit result Uncertain. Confirm the current exact-model installation document before purchase.
Top clearance
Not found for safe fit use. Sources retained: f4abeca549ddb9eefc5329f03d61378581ff75190618fc639736951cf8399f92.json. No rejected related-model candidate is identified in the retained record.
The stored transfer does not identify both a supporting model and measurement-specific equivalence reasoning.
An unknown required input can make the fit result Uncertain. Confirm the current exact-model installation document before purchase.
Hinge-side wall clearance
Not found for safe fit use. Sources retained: 0d0b6a0be878a29832aed5b29c61224cca453f8404467536f3652e209b2d8122.json. No rejected related-model candidate is identified in the retained record.
The stored transfer does not identify both a supporting model and measurement-specific equivalence reasoning.
Verify this operating or informational measurement separately. Confirm the current exact-model installation document before purchase.
Cabinet case width
Not found for safe fit use. Sources retained: https://www.samsung.com/us/refrigerators/french-door/bespoke-ai-24-cu-ft-counter-depth-3-door-french-door-refrigerator-with-zero-clearance-fit-and-sphere-ice-in-stainless-steel-sku-rf70h25geraa. Related-model record: RF70H25GERAA.
A low-confidence, consensus, or unspecified-minimum assumption does not establish a safe fit requirement.
Verify this operating or informational measurement separately. Confirm the current exact-model installation document before purchase.
Adjoining-wall clearance (reviewed endpoint)
Not found for safe fit use. Sources retained: local-cache manufacturer-family consensus. No rejected related-model candidate is identified in the retained record.
A low-confidence, consensus, or unspecified-minimum assumption does not establish a safe fit requirement.
Verify this operating or informational measurement separately. Confirm the current exact-model installation document before purchase.
Source documents and pages
Bespoke AI 24 cu. ft. Counter Depth 3-Door French Door Refrigerator with Zero Clearance Fit & Sphere Ice™ in Stainless Steel | Samsung US
Samsung · Web source · Scope not established
Model numbers covered: RF70H25GERAA. Publication/revision date: Not recorded. Reviewed: 2026-09-04.
7 displayed measurements supported: Overall width; Cabinet height; Height with hinge / controlling height; Depth without door; Depth with door, without handles; Depth with handle; Cabinet case width.
Availability: retained review record; original URL retained (current availability not rechecked).
Evidence reflects the sources reviewed on 2026-09-05. Manufacturer specifications can change. Confirm the current exact-model installation document and site-specific conditions before purchase or installation.